There are 5 types of OSPF packets. They are encapsulated in an IP packet, but are NOT TCP or UDP. The packets are IP protocol type 89 which is specific to OSPF. This is a reliable transport protocol.
Type 1 is a Hello Packet. This is how routers discover neighbors and build adjacencys between them.
The second type is a DBD or Database Description. This is used to synch the databases between two routers.
Third is an LSR, Link State Request. LSRs are used to request specific link-state records from a different router.
Fourth is an LSU or Link State Update. This is the link state records that were just requested in the LSR.
Fifth is the LSAck or Link State Acknowledgement. This is the reliable portion of the protocol, a LSAck is sent in response (acknowledged) to any of the above packets to let the neighbor know that the packet has been received.
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